Born in Jamaica in 1805 to a Scottish soldier father and a mixed-race mother, Mary Seacole travelled to Crimea in the 1850s to set up a treatment centre for soldiers.
Known as "Mother Seacole", she was not a traditional nurse like Florence Nightingale or Edith Cavell. Indeed, having been taught herbal medicine by her mother - a "doctress" who used traditional Caribbean and African herbal remedies - she was rejected four times when she tried to join the official nursing ranks.
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What the critics say about Mary Seacole
There are those who say Seacole's achievements have been overstated.
Sociology professor Lynn McDonald wrote in the Times Literary Supplement: "During the Crimean War, probably her greatest kindness was to serve hot tea and lemonade to cold, suffering soldiers awaiting transport to hospital on the wharf at Balaclava.
"She deserves much credit for rising to the occasion, but her tea and lemonade did not save lives, pioneer nursing or advance health care."
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